Lake Toba is a volcanic lake with a length of 100 kilometers and 30 kilometers wide, located in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This lake is the largest lake in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. In the middle of this lake there is a volcanic island called Samosir Island.
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| Lake Toba in Samosir Island, Indonesia |
It is estimated that Lake Toba explosion occurred at about 73000-75000 years ago and an eruption Supervolcano (super volcano) the most recent. Bill Rose and Craig Chesner from Michigan Technological University estimate that volcanic materials spewed out of the mountain as much as 2800 km³, with 800 km³ of rock Ignimbrite and 2,000 km³ of volcanic ash which is expected in the wind to the west for 2 weeks . Volcanic dust in the wind has spread to half the earth, from China to South Africa. Explosion occurred during 1 week and throw the dust up to 10 km above sea level.
This incident caused mass death and the extinction of some species also followed. According to some DNA evidence, this eruption also reduced the number of people to about 60 % of the total human population of the earth at that time, which is about 60 million people. The eruption also caused the ice age, although experts still debate it.
After the eruption, the caldera formed which is then filled with water and became what is now known as Lake Toba. Pressure upward by magma that has not come out cause the emergence of Samosir Island.
International multidisciplinary team of researchers, led by Dr. Michael Petraglia, revealed in a press conference in Oxford, the United States has found a new archaeological site that is quite spectacular by geologists in southern and northern India. On the site it was revealed how people survive, before and after volcanic eruptions (Supervolcano) Toba 74,000 years ago, and evidence of life under Mount Toba ash heap. Though the source of the eruption within 3,000 miles, from the distribution of ashes.
For seven years, experts from the University of oxford researching ecosystem project in India, to search for evidence of life and equipment life they left behind in a barren desert. Area with thousands of hectares of this was only the savanna (grasslands). While animal bones scattered. The team concluded, the large areas covered with dust turns of ancient volcanic eruptions.
The spread of volcanic dust was very spacious, is found almost all over the world. Derived from an ancient eruption Supervolcano, namely Mount Toba. Allegations leading to Mount Toba, because it found evidence of volcanic ash forms of the same molecule in 2100. Since the caldera crater is now a lake Toba in Indonesia, 3,000 miles, from the source of the eruption. Even that is quite surprising, it turns out the spread of dust to be recorded up to the North Pole . This is reminiscent of the experts, how powerful the Toba super volcano eruption at the time.
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